The first chosen textile is popularly known as Single Jersey with Truck Stitch. After the identification of the fabric, it becomes official that there is a truck stitch part. The fabric construction is as follows: Weft knit and Single Knit. This fabric is a matter of interest because of its breathable material. Even, there is no sweat locking. To make t-shirts or leggings, this single jersey fabric might have many usages.
Fabric Specification
The Name of the Fabric is Single Jersey with Truck Stitch. Single Jersey with Truck stitch fabric is weft-knitted and single-knitted fabric.
Single Jersey with Truck stitches fabric is weft-knitted. That means, on the face side, the fabric forms with face-knit stitches. And at the rear side, there are back knit stitches. Single Jersey fabric is also a knitted one. It means, manufacturing only one jersey fabric requires just a single row of needles. Besides, it is identifiable that the fabric is a tuck-looped stitch. Because the old loop remains on the needle. In some parts of the fabric, there is a new loop (Anon., n.d.).
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
This single jersey textile has always been the same production method known as the R-L knitting technique. This technique makes the fabric distinct on both sides. Besides, there are a few types of jersey fabric based on the knitting method. They can be single or plain knit or double-knit jerseys. The use of needles differs from theirs.
It is preferable that fiber techniques come first and then fiber choices. Curling is a part of the fabric edges. Yet, it seems to provide disadvantages to single jersey fabrics. Because, Because of curling, there are cutting or linking problems at the edges. Depending on the knit structure, curling properties change.
This curling situation has space for improvement (Alemayehu Assefa, 2020). The fabric construct- weft and single knit. This construction leads to the recovery of high elasticity. The fabric seems stretchable and comfortable. But sewing makes it challenging with knits since the fabric gets curled up easily. Apart from this, the fabric construction is easy and convenient.
Yarn Structure of Single Jersey Fabric:
Single Jersey Fabric has R-L shaped loops plain alike knitting. That means, there is only a single row of needles with raw yarn. The R loops remain on the front part and the back L loops remain on the other. However, Single Jersey fabric is filament-yarn structured. It has man-made fibers (AYDOGANORME, 2020).
The coloration stage is the dyeing process. In the 4th step or the step after the soda or salt wash, in the dyeing process, we can mix a specific color to dye the fabric (Anon., n.d.). After that, the acid washing stage occurs after releasing the color mixing water. Then, the color stays fixed using the fixer (Anon., n.d.).
Since the fabric is polyester-made, it has a relative pilling experience. Pilling happens when fiber with low-breaking strength breaks before the pulling. Although the finish application slightly improves the pilling ratings. After the application of the finish on the fabric, we can see a protective layer. This layer is one of the yarn surfaces. One of the two finishes is a chemical finish. Although this finish is not prominent. On the other hand, there is a water-repellent finish. It seems prominent in the case of 100% of polyester-made yarn (Dr.S.M Mominul Alam(Dalim), 2017).
SERVICEABILITY CONCEPTS
Luster is the physical property of any fabric. In this case, single jersey properties are elastic, shiny with comfort, stretchable easily, and air permeable. However, the opacity of the single jersey fabric depends on the blocking of light percentage. The degree of opacity of single jersey truck fabric is 4 ( (Anon., n.d.). That means, there is a houndstooth pattern with visual effect. A twill weave is also present that makes the fabric opaquer. The single jersey fabric with truck stitch is low in thickness and low-pilling resistance in the case of texture (Govindan, n.d.).
The color of the fabric is pink which is shiny and smooth in nature. The hand feels different on the front and back sides. The fabric has better stretchability with a low tendency to wrinkle. The resiliency of the fabric mostly depends on the fiber type and construction of the weave. There is a fabrication of many knit patterns in the layer named surface. Because of its weft-knitting nature, the fabric seems very elastic. Besides, the yarns are filament-made. Because of the filament-made yarn, the fabric exquisitely applies to the apparel sector.
Besides, the polyester filament yarn makes it easier to knit and weave purposes. The fabric is well-constructed with the weft-knitting fabric. The loop construction ultimately results in the truck loop stitch. The weft-knitting fabric’s stitch is the smallest unit. It consists of a head, and two side limbs. The type of stitch is a tuck loop.
Stitch length affects the physical performance of the fabric for an instance: The pilling. In this fabric, the pills are mixed with small fibers accumulated at a certain place. The place is the fabric surface.
During the process, mild frictional action entangles it. It is true that without pilling, the durability of the fabric becomes weak. Based on the yarn structure, we can estimate that fabric pilling is a complex phenomenon involving many factors. The factors are fabric finishing treatment and fiber dimension. The back side of single jersey weft-knitted fabric has a snagging propensity (Rahman, 2020)
The snagging propensity is the test that determines the resistance of the fabric. Here, the snagging of single jersey weft-knitted will define its resistance capability. The estimated snagging propensity is 3. The fabric is piled in nature. Considering the need to make a cutting direction, loop fibers characterize the pile fabric from the base fabric (Govindan, n.d.).
Comfort Properties:
Depending on the fiber content, yarn, and construction, the thermal resistance either increases or decreases. Here, the thickness of the fabric depends on the thermal resistance. Besides, the structure is loose, medium, and tight structure. Since single jersey fabric is warm, the ability to transfer heat is higher (Gupta, 2014)
Single jersey fabric is moisture-wicking. That means the air permeability or the rate of airflow through textiles is higher than other fabrics. The moisture-wicking also depends on the thermal resistance based on the thickness ratio and thermal conductivity.
Besides, sensorial comfort defines whether the fabric is (1) prickly, (2) stiff/ smooth, or (3) itchy. Based on the fabric- single jersey truck stitch, it is identifiable that the fabric is smooth. Though it can slightly feel itchy, based on the sensitive skin of different hands (Master Class, 2021).
The three aspects of body movement comfort are stretchability, weightage, and compression. Based on the pink single jersey with truck stitch garment, it defines that the garment is moderately stretchable with minimum weight and compression (Saravanana, 2017).
DURABILITY PROPERTIES
Here, the yarn is polyester in this fabric. In the case of polyester, the strength of wet and dry stays the same. Because polyester is a staple during the wet. The strength measures in tensile properties. Elasticity means the outcome of maximum stretching of any fabric. Difference between the stretching and elasticity is that elasticity defines the capability of stretching. Single jersey has the pilling resistance of the lowest remark. The abrasion resistance tends to be higher in this single jersey report (Akaydin, 2010).
However, the single jersey truck stitch will not require much maintenance. Machine washing or dry cleaning is enough to take care of this garment. The tendency to shrink gets avoided in cold water washing. It is preferable to wash the garment by hand to avoid shrinking the garment (Anon., n.d.).
In the end, the single jersey with truck stitch can indeed be shiny and smooth at the same time. Keeping in mind its pilling and abrasion resistance, the fabric requires hassle-free low maintenance. The fabric is breathable and highly applies to sports apparel. With the lowest pilling resistance, the fabric avoids shrinkage washed by hand.
HOW IS Single Jersey MADE?
Single Jersey fabric tends to be weft knitted yet thick fabric. There is an R-L plain knitting system. That means, there is an R loop on the front part and on the opposite part, there are L loops. That is why two different appearances are there seen from both sides. The sides are well-known as “Technical” back and front. The truck stitch part depends on the circular knitting machine. It defines whether the cam truck would be single or more than 1 (Kiron, 2012). Also, the single jersey fabric has a different curling process. It curls on the stretched edge while stretching the fabric horizontally.
These methods are advantageous to the textile because the knitting technique provides a completely different elastic experience. Because of the knitting process, the fabric seems to be cozy and breathable. The production process makes it a superior fabric among all. Based on the purpose and use, it is identifiable that the fabric has low maintenance. Wrinkle resistance is one of the benefits of this fabric.
Benefits of Single Jersey Fabric
The benefits of the single jersey fabric are wide-ranging (Anon., n.d.). They are as follows:
- This fabric is breathable as the material.
- It applies to sports T-shirts.
- It tends to be stretchable because of its knitted structure.
- It feels soft and it has better drape ability.
The Disadvantages we found in the product:
- The curling Tendency. As a result, this fabric has problems in sewing, linking, and cutting.
- Because of the tuck loops, there are seeing effects on the weft-knitted bursting strength.
APPLICATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
The single jersey truck stitch fabric has applications in the T-shirt industry. The stretchability, convenience to wear, and warmth all have numerous advantages due to this fabric. The merchandiser or any small or big venture might start producing this textile (Raaz, 2018).
THE FUTURE
Although Jersey fabric requires synthetic fibers, it becomes eco-unsustainable in this regard. But jersey made of wool or cotton makes the environment sustainable. In the case of textiles, this single jersey fabric is reputed in the industry for being warm and stretchy. It is unforeseen that the t-shirt industry gets damaged shortly.
References
- Akaydin, M., 2010. Pilling Performance and Abrasion Characteristics of Selected Basic Weft Knitted Fabrics. Research Gate, p. 5.
- Anon., n.d. [Online]
Available at: https://propercloth.com/reference/opacity-ratings/ - AYDOGANORME, 2020. What is Single Jersey Fabric, What Are Its Features, and Where Is It Used? [Online]
Available at: https://www.aydoganorme.com/en/what-is-single-jersey-fabric-what-are-its-features-where-is-it-used/ - Dr.S.M Mominul Alam(Dalim), S. K. S. A. N.-U.-H., 2017. Mechanical attribution in improving pilling properties. [Online]
Available at: https://www.textiletoday.com.bd/mechanical-attribution-improving-pilling-properties/ - Govindan, A. A. a. N., n.d. Physical properties of single jersey. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, p. 10.
- Gupta, D. K., 2014. Heat and Moisture Transport in Single Jersey Plated Fabrics. Research Gate.
- Rahman, L., 2020. A Study on the Effect of Weft Knitted Structures and Stitch Length on. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology.
- Saravanana, T. V. &. D., 2017. Thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics made from recycled polyester. Indian Journal of Fiber and Textile Research.
- Alemayehu Assefa, N. G., 2020. Physical Properties of Single Jersey Derivative Knitted Cotton Fabric With Tuck and miss stitiches. Sage Journals, p. 10.
- Kiron, M. I., 2012. Textile Learner. [Online]
Available at: https://textilelearner.net/single-jersey-circular-knitting-machine/
[Accessed 8 October 2022].
